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Preparation:
Supply the self-made pinhole camera and an old camera as illustrative
material.
Material for the children: Empty boxes with lids, a gimlet, a large
brush, black poster paint, tape (black, if possible), dark play-doh, photo
paper, photo corners.
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Steps: The children examine the finished pinhole camera made of cardboard
(effect:
picture is upside down) and the old camera. Its important to realize
that when you press the release button, the aperture opens for a short
moment.
Afterwards they experiment with the material at hand, until they have
found a correct solution. By talking to each other during the experimentation
phase they come to understand the principles of the camera. The nursery
school teachers may offer their assistance.
The photo paper is put into the darkroom and the box as well as the
small pinhole are tighty closed: The paper can be fixed with photo corners or
with tape. In order to make the camera lightproof and to open and close the
little hole (= lens) quickly, sticky and dark play-doh is the best material.
Finally the children look for a object to photograph and the hole is
opened.
In the darkroom the children take the paper out of the camera and
develop it. The result is a negative image of the object photographed.
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Scientific explanation:
Each item sends light in all directions. Now if light falls through a
small hole into a dark area, then the rays of light coming from all items
outside of the area, must pass through in this opening. Afterwards the rays
spread again and project a back-to-front and upside-down picture of the
environment on the opposite wall. That is the principle of the pinhole
camera. In order to expose the photo paper in the pinhole camera, the
aperture is opened for a certain time and afterwards
again closed. The exposure time depends on brightness, the size of the
hole and the f-stop.
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Possible Variation:
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Note!
When you try this the first picture will most certainly not be very
good, but the children will certainly want to take several photos.
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References:
e.g. www.bildung-brandenburg.de/
bbs/schule/faecher/sek1/kunst/camera
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